Charles III of Spain
Charles III was the most capable Bourbon monarch of Spain, implementing Enlightenment reforms that modernised colonial administration, expelled the Jesuits (1767), created new viceroyalties, and liberalised colonial trade. His reforms strengthened the colonial state but alienated Creole elites by excluding them from government, inadvertently contributing to independence movements.
- Lived: 1716 CE – 1788 CE
- Nationality: spanish
- Roles: king, head_of_state, reformer
