Henry I
Youngest son of William the Conqueror, nicknamed 'Beauclerc' for his scholarly learning, who consolidated Norman rule over England and Normandy. He issued the Charter of Liberties, a forerunner of Magna Carta, and reformed royal administration by developing an efficient bureaucracy. His only legitimate son drowned in the White Ship disaster of 1120, triggering a succession crisis that led to civil war after his death.
- Lived: 1068 CE – 1135 CE
- Nationality: english
- Roles: king, head_of_state
