John of England
Youngest son of Henry II whose reign was defined by military failures — losing most of England's French territories including Normandy — and conflict with the barons that led to the sealing of Magna Carta in 1215. Nicknamed 'Lackland' and 'Softsword,' Magna Carta forced upon him by rebellious barons became a cornerstone of constitutional governance.
- Lived: 1166 CE – 1216 CE
- Nationality: english
- Roles: king, head_of_state
