Manuel Noriega

Panamanian military officer (1934–2017) and long-time CIA informant who became de facto ruler of Panama by 1983; indicted in US federal courts for drug trafficking in 1988, he annulled the 1989 election results. The US launched Operation Just Cause on 20 December 1989, removing him from power; he surrendered and served prison sentences in the US and France.

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