Meiji Emperor (Mutsuhito)
Emperor Mutsuhito (1852–1912), whose Meiji Restoration from 1868 transformed Japan from a feudal shogunate into a modern industrialised nation; the emperor became a constitutional monarch under the Meiji Constitution of 1889, overseeing rapid industrialisation, universal conscription, and victories in wars against China (1895) and Russia (1905).
- Nationality: japanese
- Roles: monarch
