Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938) commanded the Ottoman defence at Gallipoli (1915), then led the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1923) that expelled Greek, Armenian, and Allied forces from Anatolia. As the founder and first President of the Turkish Republic, he enacted sweeping secularising reforms: abolishing the caliphate, replacing Arabic script with the Latin alphabet, secularising law and education, and granting women the vote in 1934. His legacy remains central to Turkish national identity.
- Nationality: Turkish
- Roles: head_of_state, military_leader, revolutionary
