Napoleon III
Napoleon III, nephew of Napoleon I, was elected President of the Second Republic in 1848 then staged a coup in 1851 to become Emperor, ruling until France's catastrophic defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. His reign saw massive modernisation of Paris under Baron Haussmann, expansion of the railway network, and French imperial ventures in Algeria, Indochina, and Mexico. Captured at Sedan in 1870, he died in English exile as the last French monarch.
- Lived: 1808 CE – 1873 CE
- Nationality: french
- Roles: emperor, head_of_state
