Narmer

Narmer (c. 3150 BCE) is widely regarded as the first pharaoh of a unified Egypt, depicted on the Narmer Palette uniting the crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt. His reign marks the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period and over three millennia of pharaonic civilisation. Whether Narmer is identical with the legendary Menes — credited by later Egyptian tradition as the first king — remains debated by Egyptologists, but the Narmer Palette is the earliest historical document recording a named Egyptian ruler.

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