Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, pope 1831–1846. A conservative Camaldolese monk and former head of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith. He vigorously opposed liberalism, nationalism, and constitutionalism — refusing to grant a constitution to the Papal States and relying on Austrian intervention to suppress revolts. His Mirari Vos (1832) condemned freedom of conscience and the press.
- Lived: 1765 CE – 1846 CE
- Nationality: Italian
- Roles: Pope, Cleric
