Zenobia of Palmyra

Queen-regent of Palmyra who conquered Egypt, Syria, and much of Asia Minor in 270-272 CE, controlling roughly a third of the Roman Empire. Declared herself Augusta. Fluent in five languages, engaged in philosophical discussions with leading intellectuals, and rode at the head of her cavalry. Defeated by Aurelian in 272 CE; paraded through Rome in golden chains so heavy she needed soldiers to support her. Later retired to a villa at Tivoli.

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