Alabama

Carved from Creek lands after 1814 and settled by cotton planters, Alabama joined the Deep South's plantation core and served as the first capital of the Confederacy at Montgomery. In the 20th century it became a crucible of the civil-rights movement — the Montgomery bus boycott, the Birmingham campaign and the Selma marches. Its economy shifted from cotton to steel, and later to automobiles and aerospace around Huntsville.

• Existed: 1702 CE – present
• Type: Entity
• Government: U.S. State
• Capital: Montgomery