Argentina

Argentina declared independence in 1816 and became one of the wealthiest nations in the early 20th century through beef and wheat exports. Juan Peron's populist governments (1946-55, 1973-74) transformed labour relations; the 1976-83 military dictatorship's Dirty War killed 30,000 people. Democratic restoration and recurring IMF adjustment cycles have defined its post-transition history.

• Existed: 1816 CE – present
• Type: Entity
• Government: Federal Presidential Republic
• Capital: Buenos Aires