Arizona

A Hispanic-Catholic El Norte borderland in its south fused with a Far West mining frontier, Arizona was Spanish and Mexican before it was American, ceded in 1848 and completed by the 1853 Gadsden Purchase. Copper mining, then air conditioning and retirement migration, drove its 20th-century boom. The Grand Canyon and large Navajo and Tohono O'odham nations mark its land.

• Existed: 1752 CE – present
• Type: Entity
• Government: U.S. State
• Capital: Phoenix