Cimbri and Teutones

Migrating peoples from Jutland whose defeat of successive Roman armies, above all at Arausio in 105 BCE, produced the worst military crisis Rome had faced since Hannibal. The emergency carried Marius to an unprecedented run of consulships and his reforms of recruitment, which bound soldiers to their general rather than the state — a debt the Republic paid a century later.

• Existed: 120 BCE – 101 BCE
• Type: Entity
• Government: migrating confederation