Colombia
Colombia, the northern anchor of Simon Bolivar's Gran Colombia (1819-31), became a separate republic in 1831. The FARC guerrilla insurgency (1964-2016) overlapped with cocaine cartels to fuel five decades of internal conflict. The 2016 peace accord partially demobilised FARC; Colombia is a biodiversity hotspot seeking to consolidate post-conflict stability.
- Existed: 1886 CE – present
- Type: Entity
- Government: Presidential Republic
- Capital: Bogota