Duchy of Parma

The Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla was granted by the Congress of Vienna to Marie Louise, the former Empress of the French and second wife of Napoleon, as a personal possession for her lifetime. After her death in 1847 it reverted to the Bourbon-Parma dynasty. A small but strategically located state in the Po Valley, it was absorbed into the Kingdom of Sardinia following the Second Italian War of Independence in 1859–1860.

• Existed: 1815 CE – 1860 CE
• Type: Entity
• Government: Absolute Monarchy
• Capital: Parma