Finland

Finland, a Swedish territory for six centuries and then a Russian Grand Duchy, declared independence in 1917. The Winter War (1939-40) against the Soviet Union - in which Finland successfully defended its independence - defined national identity. During the Cold War, Finland maintained neutrality. It joined the EU in 1995 and, following Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine, joined NATO in 2023.

• Existed: 1917 CE – present
• Type: Entity
• Government: Parliamentary Republic
• Capital: Helsinki