Islamic State (ISIS)

A jihadist movement that grew out of al-Qaeda in Iraq and in 2014 seized territory across Syria and Iraq the size of a mid-sized state, declaring a caliphate and administering it. Its territorial holdings were eliminated by 2019 by a combination of adversaries who agreed on nothing else; it persists as an insurgency and through affiliates.

• Existed: 2013 CE – present
• Type: Entity
• Government: self-declared caliphate
• Capital: Raqqa