Kingdom of Gwynedd

Gwynedd was the most powerful of the medieval Welsh kingdoms and the closest Wales came to political unification, its princes at times extending overlordship over Powys, Deheubarth and the other Welsh realms. Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (the Great) and his grandson Llywelyn ap Gruffudd secured recognition as Prince of Wales from the English crown, but Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's death in 1282 and the fall of his brother Dafydd in 1283 ended independent Welsh rule; Edward I's Statute of Rhuddlan annexed Gwynedd directly to the English crown, and the wider country was formally incorporated by the Acts of Union of 1536 and 1543.

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