Kingdom of Lombardo-Venetia

Austrian northern Italy, the province whose loss unified the country. The Congress of Vienna in 1815 gave Austria the former Duchy of Milan and the territory of the extinguished Venetian Republic, joined as a single kingdom with the Austrian emperor as king and a viceroy in Milan. It was the wealthiest and most industrial part of Italy and the most heavily taxed, contributing a disproportionate share of imperial revenue while being governed by officials appointed from Vienna. Austrian administration was efficient, built railways and schools, and was resented anyway - the point was that it was foreign. Milan's Five Days in March 1848 drove the garrison out temporarily, and the tobacco boycott before it was among the first modern civil resistance campaigns. Radetzky retook the region. Piedmont and France took Lombardy in 1859 after Solferino, a battle whose casualties prompted Henry Dunant to found the Red Cross. Venetia followed in 1866 after Austria's defeat by Prussia. The Trentino and Trieste remained Austrian until 1918. Verdi's name was used as a nationalist acronym on walls. The kingdom covered Lombardy and the Veneto and lasted from 1815 to 1866. Milan and Venice were its two capitals. It held around five million people. Its administration produced the first cadastral survey of much of northern Italy. The Austrian double eagle was pulled down in Milan in 1848 and again in 1859. Austria lost Lombardy to Piedmont and France in 1859 and the Veneto after the Prussian war of 1866, ending the kingdom entirely. Its two capitals were administered as separate governments under a single viceroy in Milan.

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