Pennsylvania

William Penn's 1681 Quaker 'holy experiment' made Pennsylvania the most tolerant and pluralist of the colonies and the heart of the Midlands culture, drawing Quakers, Germans and Scots-Irish. Philadelphia was the revolutionary capital where independence was declared and the Constitution written. Coal, steel and oil later made it an industrial colossus; Gettysburg was the war's turning point.

• Existed: 1681 CE – present
• Type: Entity
• Government: U.S. State
• Capital: Harrisburg