Poland

Poland re-emerged as an independent state in 1918 after 123 years of partition between Russia, Prussia/Germany, and Austria. The Second Polish Republic was destroyed by the joint German-Soviet invasion of September 1939. Poland lost about 6 million citizens (17% of pre-war population) in WWII, including 3 million Polish Jews. Post-war Poland was shifted westward and became a communist People's Republic under Soviet influence until 1989.

• Existed: 1918 CE – present
• Type: Entity
• Government: Republic
• Capital: Warsaw