Québec (New France)

Québec — the New France hearth. Founded from 1608 and ceded to Britain in 1763, it preserved its language, Catholic Church and French civil law through two centuries as a conquered minority — the root of its enduring distinctness. The 1960s Quiet Revolution swept away clerical conservatism for a confident, secular, statist nationalism and a fierce language law (Bill 101); joual French, the chanson, Montréal's festivals, maple syrup and poutine give Canada much of its identity, and two sovereignty referendums (1980, 1995) nearly broke the country apart.

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