Sul

The Sul — Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná. Its gaúcho cattle frontier was long fought over with the Spanish and Uruguayans, leaving a borderland horseman culture — the churrasco, chimarrão mate and the 1835 Farroupilha separatist revolt still commemorated. From 1824 the empire planted German, then Italian and Slavic smallholder colonies here, producing a temperate, small-farm, European-stock society — Talian and Hunsrück dialects, Blumenau's Oktoberfest — that is the most visibly European corner of Brazil and the sharpest contrast with the plantation north.

• Existed: 1824 CE – present
• Type: Entity