Syracuse

The most powerful Greek city-state in the western Mediterranean, founded as a Corinthian colony in Sicily in 734 BCE. Syracuse repelled the Athenian Sicilian Expedition (415-413 BCE). Under Hiero II it enjoyed a long peace, but fell to Rome after a three-year siege in 212 BCE.

• Existed: 734 BCE – 212 BCE
• Type: City-State
• Government: Tyranny / democracy (alternating)
• Capital: Syracuse