Tunisia

Tunisia, the heartland of ancient Carthage, became a French protectorate in 1881. Independence came in 1956 under Habib Bourguiba, who established a secular republic. Ben Ali's 24-year authoritarian rule ended in the 2010-11 Jasmine Revolution - the first Arab Spring uprising. Tunisia produced the only successful democratic transition of the Arab Spring before a 2021 presidential power grab reversed democratic gains.

• Existed: 1956 CE – present
• Type: Entity
• Government: Republic
• Capital: Tunis