Wales

Wales — the Brittonic Cymric nation. It is what remained of Roman-British Celtdom after the Anglo-Saxons drove the Britons west; rarely a single state, its princes were finally conquered by Edward I in 1283 and the country annexed in 1536, yet Welsh and a chapel-going, bardic and choral culture survived to make it the most linguistically distinct of the home nations. Its south was transformed by the world's greatest coalfield into an industrial, radical, Labour stronghold, and deindustrialisation hit hard. Rugby, male-voice choirs, the Eisteddfod and a poetic line from the bards to Dylan Thomas express its identity, and a devolved Senedd since 1999 has renewed both self-government and the language.

• Existed: 600 CE – present
• Type: Entity