Cesare Borgia
Son of Pope Alexander VI, Cesare Borgia used papal military and financial backing to carve out a personal state in the Romagna region of central Italy between 1499 and 1503, employing a calculated mix of ruthless force and political cunning -- including the mass execution of his own mutinous captains at Senigallia -- that made him the direct model for Niccolo Machiavelli's ideal ruler in The Prince.
- Lived: 1475 CE – 1507 CE
- Nationality: Italian (Papal States)
- Roles: Condottiero, Duke
