The Age of Exploration

• Abd al-Malik of Morocco
• Abel Tasman
• Act of Supremacy — Henry VIII Breaks with Rome
• Afonso V of Portugal
• Afonso de Albuquerque
• Afonso de Albuquerque Conquers Goa
• Ahmad al-Mansur
• Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi
• Ahuitzotl
• Akbar the Great
• Akbar's Reign and Religious Tolerance
• Albert II of Habsburg
• Albert of Prussia
• Albuquerque Captures Hormuz
• Alfonso II d'Este
• Alonso de Ojeda
• Amerigo Vespucci
• Andrés de Urdaneta
• Anglo-Dutch Wars -- Trade War at Sea
• Anne Bonny
• Anne of Brittany
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
• Antonio de Montesinos
• Argentine Independence
• Asante Empire Founded — West African State Formation
• Ashikaga Yoshimasa
• Asiento -- Britain's Slave Trade Monopoly
• Askia Muhammad I
• Atahualpa
• Aurangzeb
• Aurangzeb's Reign and Sectarian Policy
• Avery Captures the Ganj-i-Sawai
• Babur
• Babur Founds the Mughal Empire
• Bahadur Shah of Gujarat
• Balboa Crosses Darién and Sights the Pacific
• Barbary Corsairs — Mediterranean Piracy
• Bartholomew Roberts (Black Bart)
• Bartolomeu Dias
• Bartolomeu Dias Rounds the Cape of Good Hope
• Bartolomé de las Casas
• Battle of Agincourt
• Battle of Ayacucho — End of Spanish Rule in South America
• Battle of Diu -- Portugal Dominates the Indian Ocean
• Battle of Fornovo
• Battle of Lepanto
• Battle of Naseby
• Battle of Plassey
• Battle of Sekigahara
• Battle of White Mountain and Re-Catholicisation of Bohemia
• Blackbeard Blockades Charleston
• Boabdil
• Bohdan Khmelnytsky
• Bolívar Liberates Gran Colombia — Battle of Boyacá
• Bourbon Reforms Tighten Colonial Control
• Brazilian Independence
• British Abolition Act
• British East India Company Founded
• Burhan Nizam Shah I
• Cape Colony Founded by the VOC
• Captain John Smith
• Cardinal Richelieu
• Casa de Contratación Established in Seville
• Catherine of Aragon
• Celali Rebellions
• Central American Independence
• Cesare Borgia
• Cesare Borgia's Conquest of the Romagna
• Champlain Founds Quebec — New France Established
• Chand Bibi
• Charles IX of France
• Charles V of Lorraine
• Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
• Charles VII of France
• Charles VIII of France
• Charles d'Albret
• Chilean Independence
• Christopher Columbus
• Chulalongkorn
• Collapse of Mughal Central Authority and Rise of the Successor States
• Columbus Reaches the Caribbean — First Voyage
• Columbus Sights the South American Mainland
• Columbus's Fourth Voyage
• Columbus's Second Voyage — Colonisation Begins
• Completion of the Reconquista — Fall of Granada
• Consecration of the Enlarged Templo Mayor
• Constantine XI Palaiologos
• Construction of Machu Picchu
• Construction of the Taj Mahal
• Cook Claims Eastern Australia for Britain
• Cook Discovers Hawaii and Death at Kealakekua Bay
• Cook's First Voyage: Transit of Venus and Pacific
• Cook's Second Voyage: Circumnavigation of Antarctica
• Copernicus Publishes Heliocentric Model
• Cosimo I de' Medici
• Council of the Indies Established
• Cromwellian Conquest of Ireland
• Cuauhtémoc
• Da Gama Appointed Viceroy of India
• Da Gama's Second Voyage to India
• Death of Bartholomew Roberts — End of the Golden Age
• Death of King Sebastian at Alcácer Quibir
• Defeat of the Spanish Armada
• Defenestration of Prague
• Diego de Almagro
• Discovery of Potosí Silver Mines
• Duarte Fernandes
• Duarte Fernandes Reaches Siam
• Duarte I of Portugal
• Duke of Alba
• Dutch Act of Abjuration
• Dutch East India Company (VOC) Founded
• Dutch Found New Amsterdam
• Dutch Golden Age — The Amsterdam Exchange Bank and Financial Revolution
• Dutch West India Company (WIC) Founded
• Edward IV
• Edward Teach (Blackbeard)
• Edward V
• Edward VI
• Elizabeth I of England
• End of the Hundred Years' War — Battle of Castillon
• Engelbert Kaempfer
• England Seizes New Amsterdam from the Dutch
• English Civil War
• Ercole I d'Este
• Esigie
• Execution of Charles I
• Fall of Constantinople
• Fall of the Duchy of Milan to France
• Fall of the Ming and Manchu Conquest
• Fasilides
• Federico II Gonzaga
• Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
• Ferdinand II of Aragon
• Ferdinand III of Habsburg
• Ferdinand Magellan
• Ferrara Renaissance under Ercole I d'Este
• First Direct Atlantic Slave Voyage (Congo to Caribbean)
• First Enslaved Africans Arrive in Virginia
• First Portuguese Slave Raid in West Africa
• First Public Slave Auction at Lagos, Portugal
• Founding of Freetown
• Founding of the Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata
• France Coloniale — Huguenot Brazil and Florida
• Francesco Guicciardini
• Francesco I Sforza
• Francesco II Gonzaga
• Francesco Sforza seizes Milan
• Francis Drake
• Francis Drake Completes Second Circumnavigation
• Francis I of France
• Francis Xavier
• Francisco Pizarro
• Francisco Pizarro Conquers the Inca Empire
• Francisco Serrão
• Francisco Serrão Reaches the Spice Islands
• Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
• Francisco de Almeida
• Francisco de Bobadilla
• Francisco de Montejo
• Francisco de Orellana
• Francisco de Orellana Navigates the Amazon
• Frederick III of Habsburg
• Frederick the Wise
• Galileo Turns the Telescope to the Heavens
• Gil Eanes Rounds Cape Bojador
• Guru Nanak
• Gustav Vasa
• Gustav Vasa Elected King — Sweden Leaves the Kalmar Union
• Gutenberg's Printing Press
• Haiti Declares Independence
• Haudenosaunee Confederacy — The Great Law of Peace
• Henrique I of Portugal
• Henry Avery
• Henry Hudson
• Henry Hudson's Expeditions
• Henry II of France
• Henry III of France
• Henry IV of France
• Henry Morgan
• Henry Morgan Sacks Panama
• Henry V of England
• Henry VI of England
• Henry VII of England
• Henry VIII of England
• Henry the Navigator
• Hernán Cortés
• Hernán Cortés Conquers the Aztec Empire — Fall of Tenochtitlan
• Humayun
• Hussain Nizam Shah I
• Ibrahim Adil Shah II
• Ignatius of Loyola
• Imjin War (Japanese Invasions of Korea)
• Irish Rebellion of 1641
• Isabella I of Castile
• Isabella d'Este
• Ismail Adil Shah
• Italian Wars Begin
• Jacqueline of Hainaut Cedes the Low Countries
• Jahangir
• James Cook
• James I of England
• James IV of Scotland
• Jamestown — First Permanent English Settlement in America
• Jan Sobieski and the Relief of Vienna
• Jan van Riebeeck
• Japan's First Contact with Europeans
• Jean Lafitte
• Jesuits Expelled from Spanish and Portuguese Empires
• Joan of Arc
• Joan of Arc and the Siege of Orléans
• Johan van Oldenbarnevelt
• Johannes Gutenberg
• John Cabot
• John Cabot Reaches North America
• John Calvin
• John Knox
• John Rackham (Calico Jack)
• John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury
• John VIII Palaiologos
• John Zápolya
• Jorge Álvares
• Jorge Álvares Reaches China
• José Artigas
• José Miguel Carrera
• João I of Portugal
• João II of Portugal
• João III of Portugal
• Juan Ponce de León
• Juan Sebastián Elcano
• Juana I of Castile
• Kangxi Emperor
• Kangxi Emperor's Reign
• Kanthirava Narasaraja I
• King Philip's War in New England
• Last Spanish Forces Leave South America
• Laws of Burgos — First European Colonial Law Code
• Leonardo da Vinci at the Milanese Court
• Lorenzo de' Medici
• Louis XI of France
• Louis XII of France
• Lucrezia Borgia
• Ludovico Sforza
• Lutfullah Muhandis
• Magellan-Elcano Circumnavigation of the Globe
• Mahmud Begada
• Malik Ambar
• Manila Established and Manila Galleon Trade Begins
• Mantua Raised to Duchy
• Manuel I of Portugal
• Marriage of the Catholic Monarchs
• Martin Luther
• Mary I
• Mary Read
• Mary of Guise
• Matthias Corvinus
• Matthias of Habsburg
• Maurice of Nassau
• Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
• Maximilian II of Habsburg
• Mayflower and Plymouth Colony
• Mehmed II (the Conqueror)
• Mem de Sá
• Mexican Independence
• Mexican War of Independence Begins — Grito de Dolores
• Michiel de Ruyter
• Military Reforms of Shah Abbas I
• Moctezuma II
• Mongkut
• Moroccan Conquest of Songhai (Battle of Tondibi)
• Mughal–Maratha Wars — The War That Broke the Mughal Empire
• Muhammad Shah
• Nadir Shah's Invasion and Sack of Delhi
• Napoleon Invades Iberia — Trigger for Colonial Independence
• New Laws — Las Casas and Abolition of the Encomienda
• Oda Nobunaga
• Oda Nobunaga and the First Unification
• Osei Tutu I
• Ozolua
• Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui
• Palatine German Emigration to Pennsylvania
• Peace of Lodi and the Italic League
• Peace of Westphalia
• Peak of Atlantic Slave Trade
• Pedro de Alvarado
• Pedro Álvares Cabral
• Pedro Álvares Cabral Reaches Brazil
• Peruvian Independence Proclaimed
• Philip II of Spain
• Philip III of Spain
• Philip the Handsome
• Piero Soderini
• Pirate Republic of Nassau
• Pope Alexander VI
• Pope Alexander VI Issues Inter caetera Bull
• Pope Alexander VII
• Pope Alexander VIII
• Pope Clement IX
• Pope Clement VII
• Pope Clement VIII
• Pope Clement X
• Pope Gregory XIII
• Pope Gregory XV
• Pope Innocent X
• Pope Innocent XI
• Pope Innocent XII
• Pope Julius II
• Pope Leo X
• Pope Leo XI
• Pope Paul III
• Pope Paul V
• Pope Pius V
• Pope Urban VIII
• Portugal Expels Dutch from Brazil
• Portuguese Capture of Ceuta
• Portuguese Conquest of Malacca
• Portuguese Royal Court Flees to Brazil
• Prajadhipok
• Protestant Reformation — Luther's 95 Theses
• Pueblo Revolt — Indigenous Uprising in New Mexico
• Qansuh al-Ghawri
• Qianlong Emperor
• Qing Conquest of Xinjiang — Destruction of the Dzungar Khanate
• Richard III
• Robert Blake
• Royal African Company Monopoly Granted
• Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
• Sakoku -- Japan's Isolation Policy
• Samuel Bellamy (Black Sam)
• Samuel Pepys
• Samuel de Champlain
• Scots-Irish Emigration to the American Backcountry
• Scottish Reformation
• Sebastian I of Portugal
• Seven Years' War — Global Colonial Dimensions
• Shah Abbas I
• Shah Jahan
• Shivaji Maharaj
• Siege of La Rochelle
• Siege of Tenochtitlán — Destruction of the Aztec Capital
• Sigismund II Augustus
• Spanish Conquest of Yucatán
• Spanish Conquest of the Inca Empire
• Spanish Missions in California Begin
• Stephen Bathory
• Stephen the Great
• Suleiman the Magnificent
• Tasman Discovers Tasmania and New Zealand
• Tasman Encounters the Māori at Golden Bay
• Tasman's Second Voyage
• The Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War
• The Fronde
• The Great Market of Tlatelolco
• The Khmelnytsky Uprising
• The Middle Passage -- Horror of the Slave Trade
• The Time of Troubles
• The Tokugawa Shogunate
• The Union of Lublin
• The Wahhabi-Saudi Alliance — Birth of Modern Salafism
• The Ōnin War and the Sengoku Period
• Thirty Years' War Begins — Defenestration of Prague
• Thomas Shelton
• Tokugawa Ieyasu
• Tomé Pires
• Tomé de Sousa
• Treaty of Madrid
• Treaty of Tordesillas
• Túpac Amaru II Rebellion in Peru
• Union of Iberian Crowns — Philip II Annexes Portugal
• United States Bans Slave Imports
• Vajiravudh
• Valladolid Debate — Las Casas vs. Sepúlveda
• Vasco Núñez de Balboa
• Vasco da Gama
• Vasco da Gama Reaches Calicut
• Venezuela, New Granada, and Paraguay Declare Independence
• Vesalius Publishes De Humani Corporis Fabrica — Modern Anatomy
• Vespucci's First Voyage
• Vespucci's Second Voyage — the New World Argued
• Vincenzo II Gonzaga
• Walter Raleigh
• War of Jenkins' Ear
• Whydah Gally Sinks off Cape Cod
• Willem Janszoon
• Willem Janszoon Reaches Australia
• William Kidd
• William the Silent
• Woodes Rogers
• Woodes Rogers Ends the Pirate Republic
• Yongle Emperor
• Zheng He
• Zheng He's Maritime Voyages