Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger, pope 2005–2013. A German theologian, former head of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, and close collaborator of John Paul II. His pontificate focused on combating relativism and reviving traditional liturgy (including wider use of the Tridentine Mass). He became the first pope to resign since Gregory XII in 1415, citing his age and diminishing strength. Died February 28, 2023.
- Lived: 1927 CE – 2022 CE
- Nationality: german
- Roles: Pope (2005-2013)
