The Contemporary World
- "Liberation Day" Tariffs
- 2006 Lebanon War
- 2014 Thai Military Coup
- 2024 Israel-Hezbollah War
- 2026 Israel-US-Iran War
- 2026 Lebanon War
- Abd al-Karim Qasim
- Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
- Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
- Abdelaziz Bouteflika
- Abdou Diouf
- Abdoulaye Wade
- Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi
- Abdul Rahman Arif
- Abdullah bin Abdulaziz
- Abdulmejid I
- Abraham Accords — Israel Normalises with UAE and Bahrain
- Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
- Adoption of Sharia Law in Northern Nigeria
- Afghanistan War Begins
- Ahmad Tejan Kabbah
- Ahmadou Ahidjo
- Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
- Ahmed al-Sharaa
- Ai Weiwei
- Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
- Akira Yoshino
- Al Gore
- Alan Garcia
- Alassane Ouattara
- Albert Lebrun
- Albin Kurti
- Alejandro Toledo
- Aleksandar Vučić
- Aleksander Kwasniewski
- Alexander Lukashenko
- Alexander Stubb
- Alexander Van der Bellen
- Alexandre Millerand
- Alexis Tsipras
- Alfonso Portillo
- Alfredo Cristiani
- Ali Abdullah Saleh
- Alija Izetbegovic
- Allan Kemakeza
- Alpha Oumar Konaré
- Amin al-Hafiz
- Anders Fogh Rasmussen
- Andry Rajoelina
- Andrzej Duda
- Andrés Manuel López Obrador
- Andrés Pastrana
- Anerood Jugnauth
- Ange-Félix Patassé
- Angela Merkel
- Anthony Albanese
- Antonio Guterres
- Antonio Jose Seguro
- Anutin Charnvirakul
- Anwar Ibrahim
- Aníbal Cavaco Silva
- Arab Spring: Egypt
- Arab Spring: Tunisia
- Armando Guebuza
- Armenia's Velvet Revolution
- Arnold Ruutel
- Artur da Costa e Silva
- Asif Ali Zardari
- Askar Akayev
- Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee
- B. J. Habibie
- B. R. Ambedkar
- Bakili Muluzi
- Barack Obama
- Barack Obama Elected US President
- Barbados Becomes a Republic
- Bart De Wever
- Basdeo Panday
- Bashar al-Assad
- Battle of Mogadishu
- Beau Biden
- Benin's National Conference — the African Transition Template
- Benjamin Harrison
- Benjamin Netanyahu
- Bernardo Arévalo
- Bertie Ahern
- Bharrat Jagdeo
- Bhutan Becomes a Constitutional Monarchy
- Bill Clinton
- Bill Gates
- Bingu wa Mutharika
- Birendra of Nepal
- Blaise Compaoré
- Bob Dole
- Boko Haram Insurgency Begins
- Boris Johnson
- Boris Yeltsin
- Bosnian War Begins
- Boyko Borisov
- Brahim Abdeslam
- Brexit: UK Votes to Leave EU
- Burhanuddin Rabbani
- CERN Announces Discovery of the Higgs Boson
- COVID-19 Global Pandemic
- CRISPR-Cas9 — Precision Gene Editing Becomes Possible
- Capaci and Via D'Amelio Bombings
- Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
- Carl XVI Gustaf
- Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
- Carlos Menem
- Carlos Salinas de Gortari
- Catalan Independence Movement
- Chandrika Kumaratunga
- Charles Haughey
- Charles III of the United Kingdom
- Charles Taylor
- Chen Shui-bian
- China Joins the WTO
- Christian Stocker
- Claudia Sheinbaum
- Completion of the Human Genome Project
- Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner
- Cyril Ramaphosa
- César Gaviria
- Dalia Grybauskaitė
- Dan Quayle
- Daniel Noboa
- Daniel Oduber
- Daniel Ortega
- Darfur Genocide
- David Trimble
- Davíð Oddsson
- Dayton Accords End Bosnian War
- Dean Barrow
- Dick Cheney
- Dilma Rousseff
- Dissolution of Yugoslavia
- Donald Trump
- Donald Trump Elected US President
- Donald Trump Re-elected US President
- Donald Tusk
- Droupadi Murmu
- ECOWAS Removes Yahya Jammeh from The Gambia
- EU Enlargement: 10 New Members
- East Timor Independence
- Eddie Fenech Adami
- Edelmiro Farrell
- Edi Rama
- Edmundo Gonzalez
- Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle
- Egils Levits
- Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
- Emilio Garrastazu Medici
- Emmanuel Macron
- Emmerson Mnangagwa
- Emperor Akihito
- Emperor Gaozong of Song
- Emperor Gaozu of Tang
- Emperor Ningzong of Song
- Emperor Xian of Han
- Enda Kenny
- Erich Honecker
- Erna Solberg
- Ernest Bai Koroma
- Ernesto Geisel
- Ernesto Zedillo
- Erskine Sandiford
- Euro Currency Launched
- Euromaidan Protests in Ukraine
- Eurozone Sovereign Debt Crisis
- Evo Morales
- Faisal II
- Fall of Suharto and the Reformasi
- Fall of the Assad Regime
- Fatos Nano
- Faure Gnassingbé
- Faustin-Archange Touadéra
- Felipe Santiago Salaverry
- Felipe VI of Spain
- Felix Houphouet-Boigny
- Feng Guozhang
- Ferdinand Marcos Jr.
- Fernando Belaunde Terry
- Fernando Collor de Mello
- Fernando Lugo
- Festus Mogae
- Fidel Ramos
- Filipe Nyusi
- Finland and Sweden Join NATO
- First BRICS Summit — Yekaterinburg
- Francesco Cossiga
- Francisco da Costa Gomes
- Francois Bozize
- Franjo Tudjman
- Frank Bainimarama
- Frank-Walter Steinmeier
- Franz Vranitzky
- François Hollande
- Frederick Chiluba
- Frederik X
- Freundel Stuart
- Friedrich Merz
- Fuad I
- Fukushima Nuclear Disaster
- Félix Tshisekedi
- Gabriel Boric
- Gabriel García Márquez
- Garret FitzGerald
- Gaston Doumergue
- Geir Haarde
- Geoffrey Hinton
- George Floyd Killing and BLM Protests
- George W. Bush
- George Weah
- Georges Pompidou
- Geraldine Ferraro
- German Federal Election: Merz Becomes Chancellor
- Gerry Adams
- Giorgia Meloni
- Giorgio Napolitano
- Giovanni Leone
- Girija Prasad Koirala
- Glafcos Clerides
- Global Financial Crisis
- Goh Chok Tong
- Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada
- Good Friday Agreement
- Gordon Brown
- Great-Power Basing in Djibouti
- Gro Harlem Brundtland
- Guillermo Endara
- Guillermo Leon Valencia
- Gulf War: Liberation of Kuwait
- Guntis Ulmanis
- Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
- Gustavo Petro
- Guy Parmelin
- Guy Verhofstadt
- Gyanendra
- Göran Persson
- Haakon VII of Norway
- Haider al-Abadi
- Hailemariam Desalegn
- Hakainde Hichilema
- Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
- Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani
- Hamid Karzai
- Harald V of Norway
- Harold Keke
- Hashim Thaci
- Hassan Nasrallah
- Hassanal Bolkiah
- Helen Clark
- Helle Thorning-Schmidt
- Heydar Aliyev
- Hibatullah Akhundzada
- Hillary Clinton
- Hong Kong Handover to China
- Horacio Cartes
- Houthi Red Sea Attacks and US-UK Strikes on Yemen
- Hu Jintao
- Hugo Chávez
- Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution (1999–2013)
- Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco
- Hun Sen
- ISIS Proclaims Caliphate
- Ian Khama
- Ibrahim Rugova
- Idriss Deby
- Ignacy Moscicki
- Ilham Aliyev
- Ilir Meta
- Imran Khan
- Inder Kumar Gujral
- India Revokes Article 370 in Kashmir
- India-Pakistan Nuclear Tests
- Indira Gandhi
- Ion Iliescu
- Iran Attacks Israel Directly
- Iran Mahsa Amini Protests
- Iran Nuclear Crisis Escalates
- Iran Nuclear Deal (JCPOA) Signed
- Iraq War Begins
- Irfaan Ali
- Isaac Herzog
- Isaias Afwerki
- Islam Karimov
- Ismail Omar Guelleh
- Israel-Gaza War
- Israel-Iran Twelve-Day War (Operation Rising Lion)
- Itamar Franco
- J. R. Jayewardene
- JD Vance
- Jaber al-Ahmad al-Sabah
- Jacinda Ardern
- Jack Kemp
- Jacob Zuma
- Jacques Chirac
- Jacques Santer
- Jafar Hassan
- Jair Bolsonaro
- Jakaya Kikwete
- James K. Polk
- Janez Janša
- January 6 Capitol Insurrection
- Javier Milei
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Jean Chretien
- Jean-Bertrand Aristide
- Jean-Claude Juncker
- Jeff Bezos
- Jennifer Doudna
- Jens Stoltenberg
- Jim Bolger
- Jimmy Morales
- Joao Figueiredo
- Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman
- Joe Biden
- Joe Lieberman
- John Edwards
- John Garang
- John Howard
- John Hume
- John Kerry
- John Kufuor
- John Magufuli
- John McCain
- John Tyler
- Joko Widodo
- Jonas Gahr Støre
- Jorge Serrano Elías
- Jose Antonio Kast
- Jose Manuel Marroquin
- Jose de La Mar
- Joseph Aoun
- Joseph Kabila
- Joseph Muscat
- José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
- José María Aznar
- José Mujica
- José Raúl Mulino
- Jovenel Moïse
- João Bernardo Vieira
- João Lourenço
- Juan Carlos Wasmosy
- Juan Orlando Hernández
- Jules Grevy
- Julius Raab
- Junichiro Koizumi
- Justin Trudeau
- Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir
- K. P. Sharma Oli
- Kaja Kallas
- Kamala Harris
- Kamla Persad-Bissessar
- Karl Nehammer
- Karol Nawrocki
- Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
- Kaysone Phomvihane
- Keir Starmer
- Keith Mitchell
- Keith Rowley
- Kenneth Kaunda
- Kersti Kaljulaid
- Khalid bin Abdulaziz
- Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
- Kim Dae-jung
- Kim Jong-il
- Kim Jong-un
- King Abdullah II
- Kofi Annan
- Konstantinos Tasoulas
- Kostas Karamanlis
- Kostas Simitis
- Kurt Schuschnigg
- Kyoto Protocol Adopted
- Kyrgyzstan's Tulip Revolution and the Habit of Revolt
- Kyriakos Mitsotakis
- Lai Ching-te
- Larry Ellison
- Larry Page
- Lars Løkke Rasmussen
- Laura Chinchilla
- Laurent Gbagbo
- Lawrence Gonzi
- Lawrence Wong
- Lee Hsien Loong
- Lee Jae-myung
- Lee Kuan Yew
- Lee Teng-hui
- Leonel Fernández
- Leonid Kravchuk
- Leonid Kuchma
- Leopold Sedar Senghor
- Levon Ter-Petrosyan
- Libya Renounces WMDs — Gaddafi's Rehabilitation
- Libyan Civil War and NATO Intervention
- Linus Torvalds
- Liz Truss
- Luis Alberto Monge
- Luis Cabral
- Luis González Macchi
- Luis Jose de Orbegoso
- Luis Montenegro
- Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva
- Ma Ying-jeou
- Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya
- Maastricht Treaty Signed
- Macky Sall
- Mahamadou Issoufou
- Mahathir Mohamad
- Mahinda Rajapaksa
- Mahmoud Abbas
- Mahmud I
- Maia Sandu
- Makarios III
- Maldives Democratic Transition and Reversal
- Mamadou Tandja
- Mangosuthu Buthelezi
- Manmohan Singh
- Manuel Antonio Sanclemente
- Manuel Zelaya
- Manuel de Arriaga
- Marcelo Caetano
- Margrethe II
- Mariano Ignacio Prado
- Mariano Ospina Perez
- Mariano Rajoy
- Mario Draghi
- Mario Vargas Llosa
- Mark Carney
- Mark Rutte
- Mark Zuckerberg
- Martin Van Buren
- Martti Ahtisaari
- Masoud Pezeshkian
- Mathieu Kerekou
- Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
- Mauricio Macri
- Mauritania Abolishes Slavery — Twice
- Mehmed III
- Mehmed IV
- Mehmed V
- Mehmed VI
- Meles Zenawi
- Mette Frederiksen
- Mexican Drug War
- Michael Dukakis
- Michel Aoun
- Michel Martelly
- Michel Micombero
- Michel Temer
- Michelle Bachelet
- Miguel Díaz-Canel
- Mike Pence
- Milan Kucan
- Milo Đukanović
- Miloš Zeman
- Min Aung Hlaing
- Mircea Snegur
- Mireya Moscoso
- Mitt Romney
- Modi's India — Hindu Nationalism in Power
- Modibo Keita
- Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo
- Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla
- Mohamed Morsi
- Mohamed Nasheed
- Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
- Mohammad Khatami
- Mohammed VI of Morocco
- Mohammed Yusuf
- Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
- Mohammed bin Salman
- Mojtaba Khamenei
- Mongolia's Democratic Revolution
- Moon Jae-in
- Mostafa Madbouly
- Muhammad Ali Pasha
- Muhammad Yunus
- Mullah Omar
- Murad I
- Murad III
- Mwai Kibaki
- Myanmar Military Coup
- NATO Kosovo Intervention
- Naim Qassem
- Najib Razak
- Naoto Kan
- Narendra Modi
- Naruhito
- Nauru's Phosphate Collapse
- Nawaf Salam
- Nawaz Sharif
- Nayib Bukele
- Nelson Mandela
- Nelson Mandela Elected President of South Africa
- Nepal Abolishes the Monarchy
- Nguyễn Phú Trọng
- Nicanor Duarte Frutos
- Nicolas Avellaneda
- Nicolas Sarkozy
- Nicolás Maduro
- Nicolás Maduro Captured by US Forces
- North Korea First Nuclear Test
- North Korea Tests ICBM
- Northern Ireland Devolution
- Nouri al-Maliki
- Nureddin al-Atassi
- Nursultan Nazarbayev
- Ollanta Humala
- Olusegun Obasanjo
- Omar al-Bashir
- Orange Revolution in Ukraine
- Osama bin Laden
- Osama bin Laden Killed
- Oscar Carmona
- Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
- Oslo Accords Signed
- Otto Pérez Molina
- Owen Arthur
- P. V. Narasimha Rao
- Paris Climate Agreement
- Paris Terrorist Attacks
- Patricio Aylwin
- Patrick Manning
- Paul Allen
- Paul Biya
- Paul Ryan
- Pedro Sanchez
- Periyar E. V. Ramasamy
- Peter Higgs
- Peter Thiel
- Pierre Buyoya
- Pierre Nkurunziza
- Pope Benedict XVI
- Pope Benedict XVI Elected
- Pope Francis
- Pope Francis Dies; Leo XIV Elected First American Pope
- Pope Francis Elected
- Pope Leo XIV
- Porfirio Lobo
- Portuguese Drug Decriminalisation
- Poul Nyrup Rasmussen
- Prabowo Subianto
- Prince Friso
- Prince Johnson
- Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat
- Pushpa Kamal Dahal
- Putin Rises to Power in Russia
- Qaboos bin Said
- Quett Masire
- R. B. Bennett
- RAMSI Intervention in the Solomon Islands
- Rafael Correa
- Rafik Hariri
- Ranasinghe Premadasa
- Raúl Castro
- Raúl Cubas
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan
- Rene Coty
- René Préval
- Ricardo Lagos
- Ricardo Martinelli
- Rihanna
- Rishi Sunak
- Rob Jetten
- Robert Borden
- Robert Fico
- Robert Kocharyan
- Roberto Micheletti
- Rodrigo Carazo
- Rodrigo Duterte
- Rodrigo Paz
- Roh Moo-hyun
- Romano Prodi
- Rumen Radev
- Russia Annexes Crimea
- Russia Full-Scale Invasion of Ukraine
- Russia-Georgia War
- Rwandan Genocide
- Ryutaro Hashimoto
- Sabah al-Ahmad al-Sabah
- Saddam Hussein
- Sadi Carnot
- Said Musa
- Sali Berisha
- Salman bin Abdulaziz
- Sam Altman
- Sam Nujoma
- Sanae Takaichi
- Sandro Pertini
- Sanna Marin
- Saparmurat Niyazov
- Sarah Palin
- Satya Nadella
- Saud bin Abdulaziz
- Sauli Niinistö
- Sebastian Kurz
- Sebastián Piñera
- Selim III
- September 11 Terrorist Attacks
- Seretse Khama
- Sergey Brin
- Sergio Mattarella
- Serzh Sargsyan
- Shavkat Mirziyoyev
- Shehbaz Sharif
- Sheikh Hasina
- Sheikh Hasina Ousted in Bangladesh
- Shinzo Abe
- Shunzhi Emperor
- Siad Barre
- Snowden Disclosures — NSA Mass Surveillance Revealed
- Somali Civil War Begins
- South Korea Martial Law Crisis
- South Sudan Independence
- Srebrenica Massacre
- State Collapse in the Central African Republic
- Stephen Harper
- Stephen Hawking
- Steve Jobs
- Stjepan Mesić
- Subcomandante Marcos
- Sudanese Civil War
- Suharto
- Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar
- Syrian Civil War Begins
- TSMC Founded, Inventing the Semiconductor Foundry Model
- Tabaré Vázquez
- Taliban Retakes Afghanistan
- Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
- Tarique Rahman
- Tarja Halonen
- Tewfik Pasha
- Thabo Mbeki
- Thaksin Shinawatra
- Than Shwe
- Tharman Shanmugaratnam
- The AI Revolution — Large Language Models Transform Computing
- The Algerian Hirak
- The Blockade of Qatar
- The End of Apartheid
- The End of the Bongo Dynasty in Gabon
- The Essequibo Dispute Between Guyana and Venezuela
- The Ethiopia-Eritrea Peace and Its Unravelling
- The Hong Kong Anti-Extradition Protests
- The Killing of Jamal Khashoggi
- The Korean Summits — Panmunjom and Singapore
- The Polish Round Table and the Fall of Communism
- The Prespa Agreement Renames North Macedonia
- The Removal of Manuel Zelaya
- The Sudanese Revolution and the Fall of Bashir
- The Tajik Civil War
- The Transnistria War
- The Velvet Divorce — Czechoslovakia Splits in Two
- Thein Sein
- Tiananmen Square Massacre
- Tigray War — Ethiopia's Civil Conflict
- Tim Berners-Lee
- Tim Cook
- Tim Kaine
- Tim Walz
- Tokugawa Iemitsu
- Tokugawa Ieyoshi
- Tokugawa Yoshimune
- Tony Blair
- Toomas Hendrik Ilves
- Toyotomi Hideyoshi
- Trudeau Resigns; Carney Becomes Canadian PM
- Tsai Ing-wen
- Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj
- Turkmenistan's Permanent Neutrality
- UK General Election: Labour Landslide
- US–China Trade War
- Uhuru Kenyatta
- Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh
- Ulf Kristersson
- Umberto I
- Vaclav Havel
- Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga
- Vajiralongkorn
- Valdas Adamkus
- Valdis Zatlers
- Valery Giscard d'Estaing
- Vallabhbhai Patel
- Venezuela Humanitarian Crisis
- Vicente Fox
- Viktor Orbán
- Vincent Auriol
- Violeta Chamorro
- Virgilio Barco
- Vladimir Meciar
- Vladimir Putin
- Volodymyr Zelensky
- Vytautas Landsbergis
- Václav Klaus
- WTO Founded — Globalisation Institutionalised
- Walter Mondale
- Wangari Maathai
- Warren Buffett
- Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands
- William F. Garrison
- William McKinley
- Wladyslaw Raczkiewicz
- Wolfgang Schüssel
- World Wide Web Goes Public — Birth of the Digital Age
- Xi Jinping
- Xi Jinping Consolidates Power
- Xiomara Castro
- Yahya Jammeh
- Yamaguchi-gumi Split and Yakuza Gang War
- Yasser Arafat
- Yemen Civil War and Saudi-led Intervention
- Yingluck Shinawatra
- Yitzhak Rabin
- Yoon Suk Yeol
- Yuliia Svyrydenko
- Yun Posun
- Zapatista Uprising in Chiapas
- Zhu Rongji
- Zoran Zaev
- Álvaro Arzú
- Álvaro Colom
- Álvaro Uribe
- Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
- Óscar Berger
