Maffeo Barberini, pope 1623–1644. A Renaissance prince-pope who was the last pope to substantially enlarge the Papal States through military force. He patronised Bernini and Borromini, who transformed Rome. Condemned Galileo at the 1633 trial. His heavy taxation to fund fortifications impoverished the Papal States. His papacy ended in defeat in the Wars of Castro.
- Lived: 1568 CE – 1644 CE
- Nationality: Italian
- Roles: Pope, Cleric
