Sudanese Civil War
The war grew directly out of the 2021 military coup that the SAF and RSF had staged together against Sudan's post-Bashir civilian transition; a 2023 plan to merge the RSF into the regular army, without agreement on rank and command, triggered open fighting between the two forces in Khartoum. The RSF, descended from the Janjaweed militias responsible for the 2003 Darfur genocide, again targeted non-Arab populations in Darfur; UN investigators concluded the RSF's October 2025 assault on El Fasher, the army's last Darfur stronghold, bore the hallmarks of genocide, with casualty estimates for that single siege ranging from the tens of thousands to as high as 150,000 by some satellite-based estimates. The United Arab Emirates has been repeatedly and credibly accused by UN experts of arming the RSF, allegations it denies.
- Year: 2023 CE
- Category: Military
