Events

• 1948 Arab-Israeli War
• 2014 Thai Military Coup
• 28 May Coup and the End of the First Republic
• AIM Occupation of Wounded Knee (1973)
• Abd al-Rahman I Founds the Emirate of Córdoba
• Abd al-Rahman III Declares the Caliphate of Córdoba
• Able Archer 83: The Near-Nuclear Accident
• Abolition of Serfdom in the Austrian Empire
• Abraham Accords — Israel Normalises with UAE and Bahrain
• Accession of Tiberius
• Act of Supremacy — Henry VIII Breaks with Rome
• Act of Union 1707
• Act of Union 1800
• Adal-Ethiopian War (Ahmad Gran's Jihad)
• Adoption of Sharia Law in Northern Nigeria
• Afghanistan War Begins
• Afonso de Albuquerque Conquers Goa
• Akbar's Reign and Religious Tolerance
• Akhenaten's Religious Revolution
• Alaric Sacks Rome — The City Falls for the First Time in 800 Years
• Albuquerque Captures Hormuz
• Alexander Becomes King of Macedon
• Alexander in Egypt and Foundation of Alexandria
• Alfred the Great — England Survives the Vikings
• Algerian Independence
• Allenby Captures Jerusalem
• Allied Invasion of Sicily and Fall of Mussolini
• Allied Strategic Bombing Campaign
• Amarna Period - Egyptian-Hittite Diplomacy and Akhenaten's Revolution
• American Civil War
• American Declaration of Independence
• American Revolution
• Ancestral Puebloans — Cliff Dwellers of the American Southwest
• Ancus Marcius Builds Rome's First Bridge and Founds Ostia
• Anglo-Cherokee War
• Anglo-Dutch Wars -- Trade War at Sea
• Angolan War of Independence
• Annexation of the Nabataean Kingdom — Arabia Petraea
• Anschluss — Annexation of Austria
• Antony's Disastrous Parthian Campaign
• Apollo 11: Moon Landing
• Arab Revolt
• Arab Spring: Egypt
• Arab Spring: Tunisia
• Archimedes: Mathematics, Mechanics, and the Defence of Syracuse
• Argentina's Dirty War — State Terrorism and the Proceso
• Argentine Independence
• Aristotle Founds the Lyceum
• Armistice of 11 November 1918
• Arrest and Conviction of Alfred Dreyfus
• Articles of Confederation Ratified
• Asante Empire Founded — West African State Formation
• Ashoka's Conversion and Buddhist Missions
• Asiento -- Britain's Slave Trade Monopoly
• Assassination of Archbishop Oscar Romero
• Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• Assassination of Julius Caesar
• Assassination of King Carlos I of Portugal
• Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi
• Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
• Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin
• Atatürk Abolishes the Ottoman Caliphate
• Athens Surrenders to Sparta
• Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima
• Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• Attack on Pearl Harbor
• Attila Invades the West
• Augustine Begins The City of God after the Sack of Rome
• Augustus Becomes First Emperor
• Augustus Exiles Ovid to Tomis
• Aurangzeb's Reign and Sectarian Policy
• Auschwitz-Birkenau Extermination Camp
• Austria-Hungary Declares War on Serbia
• Austrian Civil War
• Austro-Hungarian Ultimatum and War on Serbia
• Austro-Prussian War (Seven Weeks' War)
• Avery Captures the Ganj-i-Sawai
• Babur Founds the Mughal Empire
• Babylon at Its Height - The Wonder of the Ancient World
• Balboa Crosses Darién and Sights the Pacific
• Balfour Declaration
• Bar Kokhba Revolt — The Last Jewish War
• Barack Obama Elected US President
• Barbary Corsairs — Mediterranean Piracy
• Barquq and the Burji Mamluk Takeover
• Bartolomeu Dias Rounds the Cape of Good Hope
• Battle of Actium
• Battle of Adrianople
• Battle of Adwa
• Battle of Agincourt
• Battle of Ain Jalut — Mamluks Stop the Mongols
• Battle of Arausio: Rome's Worst Defeat
• Battle of Arcole
• Battle of Aspern-Essling
• Battle of Austerlitz
• Battle of Ayacucho — End of Spanish Rule in South America
• Battle of Blenheim
• Battle of Borodino
• Battle of Brandywine
• Battle of Britain
• Battle of Bunker Hill
• Battle of Cannae
• Battle of Caporetto
• Battle of Carrhae — Rome's Worst Eastern Defeat
• Battle of Chaeronea
• Battle of Chaldiran
• Battle of Cowpens
• Battle of Cynoscephalae — Rome Defeats the Macedonian Phalanx
• Battle of Diu -- Portugal Dominates the Indian Ocean
• Battle of El Alamein
• Battle of Eylau
• Battle of Fleurus
• Battle of Fornovo
• Battle of Fort Sumter
• Battle of Friedland
• Battle of Gaugamela
• Battle of Gettysburg
• Battle of Grunwald
• Battle of Guadalcanal
• Battle of Guilford Court House
• Battle of Issus
• Battle of Iwo Jima
• Battle of Jena-Auerstedt
• Battle of Jutland
• Battle of Kadesh - Egypt vs. the Hittites
• Battle of Karbala — The Founding Trauma of Shia Islam
• Battle of Kolin
• Battle of Kursk
• Battle of Lagos
• Battle of Lake Trasimene
• Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa — Turning Point of the Reconquista
• Battle of Leipzig
• Battle of Lepanto
• Battle of Leuthen
• Battle of Leyte Gulf
• Battle of Little Bighorn
• Battle of Lodi
• Battle of Long Island
• Battle of Manzikert
• Battle of Marathon
• Battle of Marengo
• Battle of Megiddo
• Battle of Midway
• Battle of Milvian Bridge — Constantine's Vision
• Battle of Minden
• Battle of Mogadishu
• Battle of Montenotte
• Battle of Moscow
• Battle of Munda — Caesar's Final Victory
• Battle of Naissus — Claudius Gothicus Crushes the Goths
• Battle of Pharsalus — Caesar Defeats Pompey
• Battle of Philippi — Death of the Republic
• Battle of Plassey
• Battle of Plassey
• Battle of Plataea
• Battle of Poltava
• Battle of Princeton
• Battle of Pydna — End of Macedonian Independence
• Battle of Quiberon Bay
• Battle of Rivoli
• Battle of Rossbach
• Battle of Sabilla and the Ikhwan Revolt
• Battle of Sadowa (Königgrätz)
• Battle of Salamanca
• Battle of Salamis
• Battle of Saratoga
• Battle of Sedan
• Battle of Sekigahara
• Battle of Smolensk
• Battle of Stalingrad
• Battle of Tannenberg
• Battle of Thapsus — Caesar Ends the African War
• Battle of Thermopylae
• Battle of Tours — Charles Martel Stops the Islamic Advance
• Battle of Trafalgar
• Battle of Trenton
• Battle of Valmy
• Battle of Vercellae: Marius Destroys the Cimbri
• Battle of Verdun
• Battle of Vitoria
• Battle of Vittorio Veneto
• Battle of Wagram
• Battle of Wandiwash
• Battle of Waterloo
• Battle of White Mountain and Re-Catholicisation of Bohemia
• Battle of Zama
• Battle of Zorndorf
• Battle of the Atlantic
• Battle of the Bulge
• Battle of the Granicus River
• Battle of the Hydaspes — India Campaign
• Battle of the Nile
• Battle of the Plains of Abraham
• Battle of the Pyramids
• Battle of the Saintes
• Battle of the Somme
• Battle of the Trebia
• Battles of Lexington and Concord
• Battles of Monte Cassino
• Bay of Pigs Invasion — Failed CIA-Sponsored Operation
• Bede and the Birth of English History
• Beer Hall Putsch
• Belgian Independence
• Belgian Revolution against the Netherlands
• Benedict Arnold's Treason
• Berlin Blockade and Airlift
• Berlin Conference — Scramble for Africa
• Bernardo de Gálvez's Gulf Coast Campaigns
• Biafran Secession and the Nigerian Civil War
• Bill of Rights Drafted
• Bismarck Becomes Prussian Prime Minister — 'Blood and Iron'
• Black Death in the Islamic World
• Blackbeard Blockades Charleston
• Bloody Sunday
• Boethius Writes the Consolation of Philosophy in Prison
• Boko Haram Insurgency Begins
• Bolesław the Brave and the Congress of Gniezno
• Bolívar Liberates Gran Colombia — Battle of Boyacá
• Bosnian War Begins
• Boston Massacre
• Boston Tea Party
• Boudicca's Revolt — Britain's Fire
• Bourbon Reforms Tighten Colonial Control
• Boxer Rebellion
• Brazil's Military Coup and the 21-Year Dictatorship (1964–1985)
• Brazilian Independence
• Brexit: UK Votes to Leave EU
• British Abolition Act
• British Abolition of the Slave Trade
• British Capture of Guadeloupe
• British Capture of Senegal and Gorée
• British Conquest of the Sokoto Caliphate
• British East India Company Founded
• British Occupation of Egypt
• British Siege and Capture of Manila
• Bronze Age Collapse - The Sea Peoples
• Brusilov Offensive
• Bulgarian April Uprising
• Burning of Moscow and Retreat
• Byzantine Recovery — The Macedonian Dynasty
• CIA Overthrow of Arbenz in Guatemala (Operation PBSUCCESS)
• COVID-19 Global Pandemic
• CRISPR-Cas9 — Precision Gene Editing Becomes Possible
• Caesar Appointed Dictator in Perpetuity: The Ides of March
• Caesar Crosses the Rubicon
• Caesar's Gallic Wars
• Caesar's Invasions of Britain
• Cahokia — Largest Pre-Columbian City North of Mexico
• California Gold Rush
• Cambodian Genocide: The Killing Fields
• Camillus Restores Rome After the Gallic Sack
• Camp David Accords
• Cape Colony Founded by the VOC
• Capture of Havana
• Caracalla's Edict of Citizenship
• Carnation Revolution
• Casa de Contratación Established in Seville
• Catalan Independence Movement
• Catherine the Great Seizes Power
• Cato the Younger Dies at Utica — Stoic Martyr of the Republic
• Celali Rebellions
• Central American Independence
• Cesare Borgia's Conquest of the Romagna
• Champlain Founds Quebec — New France Established
• Chandragupta Maurya and the Treaty with Seleucus
• Charlemagne — First Holy Roman Emperor
• Chartism — British Democratic Reform Movement
• Chaucer's Canterbury Tales
• Che Guevara's Bolivian Campaign and Capture
• Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster
• Chilean Independence
• China Joins the WTO
• Chinese Civil War — Shanghai Massacre to Long March (1927–1935)
• Chinese Communist Revolution: Founding of the People's Republic
• Chinese Cultural Revolution
• Christianisation of Poland
• Chulalongkorn's Abolition of Slavery and Centralising Reforms
• Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech
• Cicero Driven into Exile by Clodius
• Cicero Transmits Greek Philosophy to the Latin West
• Cicero's Philippics Against Antony — Final Battle for the Republic
• Cincinnatus Called from the Plough: Roman Virtue Incarnate
• Civil Constitution of the Clergy
• Claudius Becomes Emperor and Invades Britain
• Cleisthenes' Democratic Reforms in Athens
• Cleopatra VII: The Last Ptolemaic Queen
• Clovis I Converts to Christianity - Foundation of Christian France
• Clovis I Unifies the Franks
• Colbert's Mercantilism
• Collapse of Mughal Central Authority and Rise of the Successor States
• Collapse of the Akkadian Empire
• Collapse of the Caliphate of Córdoba into the Taifa Kingdoms
• Collapse of the Soviet Union
• Columbus Reaches the Caribbean — First Voyage
• Columbus's Second Voyage — Colonisation Begins
• Committee of Public Safety Established
• Commodore Perry and the Opening of Japan
• Commodus: The Gladiator Emperor
• Common Sense Published
• Completion of the Reconquista — Fall of Granada
• Concert of Europe
• Confederation of the Rhine
• Congo's Independence
• Congress of Vienna
• Conquest of the Desert
• Consecration of the Enlarged Templo Mayor
• Constitution of 1791 — Constitutional Monarchy
• Constitution of 3 May 1791
• Constitutional Act Divides Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada
• Constitutional Convention
• Construction of Hadrian's Wall
• Construction of Machu Picchu
• Construction of the Berlin Wall
• Construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza
• Construction of the Great Sphinx
• Construction of the Pyramid of Menkaure
• Construction of the Step Pyramid
• Construction of the Taj Mahal
• Continental System Proclaimed
• Convening of the Estates-General
• Convention of Klosterzeven
• Convention of Westminster
• Cook Claims Eastern Australia for Britain
• Cook Discovers Hawaii and Death at Kealakekua Bay
• Cook's First Voyage: Transit of Venus and Pacific
• Cook's Second Voyage: Circumnavigation of Antarctica
• Copernicus Publishes Heliocentric Model
• Council of Nicaea — Defining Christian Orthodoxy
• Council of the Indies Established
• Coup of 18 Brumaire
• Coup of 18 Fructidor — Directors Purge Royalists
• Court Moves to Versailles
• Crimean War
• Crisis of the Third Century
• Cromwellian Conquest of Ireland
• Crossing of the Berezina
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• Cyrus the Great Takes Babylon
• D-Day — Normandy Landings
• Dante's Divine Comedy
• Darius I's Behistun Inscription
• Darwin Publishes On the Origin of Species
• Dawes Plan
• Dayton Accords End Bosnian War
• Death of Alexander the Great
• Death of Bartholomew Roberts — End of the Golden Age
• Death of King Sebastian at Alcácer Quibir
• Death of Louis XIV
• Death of Louis XV
• Death of Stalin and the Thaw
• Decembrist Revolt
• Decius and the First Empire-Wide Christian Persecution
• Declaration of Independence
• Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
• Declaratory Act
• Dedication of the Aztec Great Temple (Templo Mayor)
• Defeat of the Spanish Armada
• Defenestration of Prague
• Delano Grape Strike
• Delano to Sacramento March
• Delhi Sultanate Founded
• Deng Xiaoping's Reform and Opening-Up
• Destruction of Carthage
• Destruction of Jerusalem
• Destruction of Solomon's Temple and the Jewish Exile
• Diocletian's Reforms — The Dominate and the Tetrarchy
• Diplomatic Revolution
• Discovery of Potosí Silver Mines
• Dismissal of Bismarck
• Dissolution of Austria-Hungary
• Dissolution of Yugoslavia
• Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
• Dissolution of the Sweden–Norway Union
• Division of the Roman Empire
• Domitian: Autocrat and Lord and God
• Donald Trump Elected US President
• Donations of Alexandria — Antony and Cleopatra
• Donghak Peasant Revolution
• Dreyfus Fully Exonerated and Reinstated
• Duarte Fernandes Reaches Siam
• Dutch Act of Abjuration
• Dutch East India Company (VOC) Founded
• Dutch Found New Amsterdam
• Dutch Golden Age — The Amsterdam Exchange Bank and Financial Revolution
• Dutch West India Company (WIC) Founded
• EU Enlargement: 10 New Members
• East Africa Campaign: Liberation of Italian East Africa
• East African Campaign
• East Timor Independence
• Easter Rising
• Edict of Milan
• Edict of Thessalonica — Christianity Becomes the State Religion
• Egypt Joins the Gulf War Coalition
• Egyptian Campaign
• Egyptian Independence from Persia
• Egyptian Revolution of 1919 and Independence Movement
• El Bogotazo and La Violencia
• El Salvador Civil War — US-Backed Junta vs. FMLN
• Elagabalus and the Syrian Sun Cult
• Election of Karol Wojtyła as Pope John Paul II — First Polish Pope
• Ellis Island — Gateway to America (1892–1954)
• Emancipation Proclamation
• Enabling Act — Legal Seizure of Power
• End of the Hundred Years' War — Battle of Castillon
• England Seizes New Amsterdam from the Dutch
• English Civil War
• English Peasants' Revolt
• Entente Cordiale
• Ephialtes' Democratic Reforms in Athens
• Epicurus Founds The Garden in Athens
• Era of the Five Good Emperors
• Eratosthenes Calculates the Circumference of the Earth
• Establishment of the Batavian Republic
• Ethiopian Famine (1983–1985)
• Euro Currency Launched
• Euromaidan Protests in Ukraine
• Eurozone Sovereign Debt Crisis
• Ewuare the Great Sacralises the Oba of Benin
• Execution of Charles I
• Execution of Louis XVI
• Execution of Mussolini
• Exile to Elba
• Exile to Saint Helena
• Expulsion of the Girondins
• Expulsion of the Jews from Spain (Alhambra Decree)
• Fabius Maximus the Delayer: Strategy Against Hannibal
• Falklands/Malvinas War
• Fall and Massacre of Fort William Henry
• Fall of Acre — End of the Crusader States
• Fall of Berlin
• Fall of Constantinople
• Fall of Córdoba and the High Reconquista
• Fall of France and Dunkirk
• Fall of Granada
• Fall of Montreal
• Fall of Mussolini
• Fall of Nineveh - End of the Assyrian Empire
• Fall of Saigon: Vietnam Reunified Under Communism
• Fall of Singapore
• Fall of Suharto and the Reformasi
• Fall of Tunis: Axis Surrender Ends North African Campaign
• Fall of the Berlin Wall
• Fall of the Duchy of Milan to France
• Fall of the Ming and Manchu Conquest
• Fall of the Western Roman Empire
• February 26 Incident
• February Revolution and Abdication of Nicholas II
• Ferrara Renaissance under Ercole I d'Este
• Fifth Syrian War
• Finland and Sweden Join NATO
• First Abolition of Slavery by France
• First BRICS Summit — Yekaterinburg
• First Balkan War
• First Battle of the Marne
• First Carlist War
• First Continental Congress
• First Direct Atlantic Slave Voyage (Congo to Caribbean)
• First Enslaved Africans Arrive in Virginia
• First Intifada
• First Macedonian War — Philip V Allies with Hannibal
• First Messenian War
• First Mithridatic War — The Asian Vespers
• First Opium War
• First Partition of Poland
• First Portuguese Slave Raid in West Africa
• First Public Slave Auction at Lagos, Portugal
• First Punic War Begins
• First Serbian Uprising
• First Triumvirate
• Fleming Discovers Penicillin
• Flight to Varennes
• Formation of Greater Romania
• Formation of the Aztec Triple Alliance
• Formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States
• Formation of the Delian League
• Formation of the North German Confederation
• Founding of Rome
• Founding of Tenochtitlan
• Founding of the Estado Novo
• Founding of the Organisation of African Unity
• Founding of the Roman Republic
• Founding of the United Nations
• Founding of the Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata
• Fourth Crusade — Sack of Constantinople
• France Coloniale — Huguenot Brazil and Florida
• Francesco Sforza seizes Milan
• Francis Drake Completes Second Circumnavigation
• Francisco Pizarro Conquers the Inca Empire
• Francisco Serrão Reaches the Spice Islands
• Francisco de Orellana Navigates the Amazon
• Franco-Prussian War
• Frankfurt Parliament — Failed Liberal Unification
• Frederick the Great Inherits Prussia
• French Financial Crisis
• French Intervention in Mexico and the Second Mexican Empire
• French Invasion of Russia
• French Occupation of the Ruhr
• French Revolution Begins
• French and Indian War Begins — Fort Necessity
• Fukushima Nuclear Disaster
• Gaddafi's Coup — Al-Fateh Revolution
• Galileo Turns the Telescope to the Heavens
• Gallipoli Campaign
• Gandhi and Indian Civil Disobedience (1919–1935)
• Genghis Khan Unifies the Mongols
• George Floyd Killing and BLM Protests
• German Confederation
• German Customs Union (Zollverein)
• German Hyperinflation Crisis
• German Invasion of Belgium and British Entry into the War
• German Invasion of Poland — War Begins
• German Spring Offensive
• German Unification
• Germanic Invasions During the Crisis of the Third Century
• Germanicus's Rhine Campaigns — Vengeance and Retreat
• Germany Invades Poland
• Germany Resumes Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
• Ghana's Independence
• Ghilzai Revolt and Fall of Isfahan
• Gil Eanes Rounds Cape Bojador
• Global Financial Crisis
• Good Friday Agreement
• Gorbachev Comes to Power: Glasnost and Perestroika
• Gracchi Land Reforms
• Great Northern War
• Great Revolt of the Thebaid
• Great Satraps' Revolt
• Great Siege of Gibraltar
• Greco-Turkish War and Treaty of Lausanne
• Greek Civil War
• Greek War of Independence
• Greek War of Independence
• Gregory the Great and the Birth of the Medieval Papacy
• Guinea Rejects the French Community
• Gulf War: Liberation of Kuwait
• Gutenberg's Printing Press
• Hadrian Abandons Trajan's Eastern Conquests
• Haiti Declares Independence
• Haitian Independence
• Haitian Revolution
• Haitian Revolution Begins — Slave Revolt in Saint-Domingue
• Hammurabi Promulgates His Law Code
• Harun al-Rashid Destroys the Barmakids
• Harun al-Rashid and the Abbasid Golden Age
• Hassan al-Banna Founds the Muslim Brotherhood
• Hatshepsut Assumes Full Pharaonic Titles
• Hatshepsut's Trading Expedition to Punt
• Haudenosaunee Confederacy — The Great Law of Peace
• Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
• Helsinki Accords
• Henry Hudson's Expeditions
• Henry Morgan Sacks Panama
• Hernán Cortés Conquers the Aztec Empire — Fall of Tenochtitlan
• Highland Clearances — Depopulation of the Scottish Highlands
• Hitler Appointed Chancellor
• Hittites Sack Babylon, Ending the Old Babylonian Empire
• Holy Alliance
• Homestead Act
• Hong Gyeong-nae Rebellion
• Hong Kong Handover to China
• Houthi Red Sea Attacks and US-UK Strikes on Yemen
• Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution (1999–2013)
• Hundred Days Offensive
• Hungarian Revolution
• Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence
• Hyksos Expulsion and Founding of the New Kingdom
• INF Treaty: Eliminating an Entire Class of Nuclear Weapons
• IRA Hunger Strikes
• ISIS Proclaims Caliphate
• Ibn Battuta in India
• Ibn Battuta — Greatest Medieval Traveler
• Idi Amin Expels Uganda's Asian Community
• Idi Amin's Military Coup in Uganda
• Imjin War (Japanese Invasions of Korea)
• Independence of Czechoslovakia
• India-Pakistan Nuclear Tests
• Indian Independence and Partition
• Indian Rebellion of 1857
• Indonesian Mass Killings and Suharto's Seizure of Power
• Indonesian National Revolution
• Intolerable Acts
• Invention of Cuneiform Writing in Uruk
• Iran Attacks Israel Directly
• Iran Mahsa Amini Protests
• Iran Nuclear Crisis Escalates
• Iran Nuclear Deal (JCPOA) Signed
• Iran-Contra Affair — Arms for Hostages Linking Iran, Nicaragua, and the White House
• Iranian Hostage Crisis
• Iraq War Begins
• Iraqi Independence and League Membership (1932)
• Irish Civil War and Establishment of the Free State
• Irish Constitution of 1937 — Bunreacht na hÉireann
• Irish Rebellion of 1641
• Irish Rebellion of 1798
• Irish War of Independence
• Israel-Gaza War
• Israeli Invasion of Lebanon
• Italian Armistice (Cassibile)
• Italian Campaign
• Italian Invasion of Ethiopia
• Italian Mass Emigration — The Great Exodus (La Grande Emigrazione)
• Italian Resistance (Resistenza)
• Italian Social Republic (Repubblica di Salò)
• Italian Unification
• Italian Wars Begin
• Italy Enters the War
• Jamestown — First Permanent English Settlement in America
• Jan Palach's Self-Immolation
• Jan Sobieski and the Relief of Vienna
• January 6 Capitol Insurrection
• Japan Invades Manchuria
• Japan's First Contact with Europeans
• Japan's Postwar Economic Miracle
• Japanese Conquest of the Dutch East Indies
• Japanese Surrender and SCAP Occupation
• Java War (Diponegoro War)
• Jesuits Expelled from Spanish and Portuguese Empires
• Jewish Emigration from the Russian Empire — Flight from the Pale
• Joan of Arc and the Siege of Orléans
• John Cabot Reaches North America
• John Law's Mississippi Bubble
• John Paul II's 1979 Pilgrimage to Poland — Catalyst for Solidarity
• Jorge Álvares Reaches China
• Joseon Suppression of Buddhism
• Joseph II Habsburg Reforms
• Julian the Apostate's Persian Campaign — Death of a Dream
• July Crisis
• Jupiter IRBM Missiles Installed in Turkey
• Justinian's Reconquest and the Corpus Juris Civilis
• Juvenal Writes the Satires: Bread, Circuses, and Imperial Vice
• Kalinga War
• Kangxi Emperor's Reign
• Kantō Massacre of Koreans
• Kellogg-Briand Pact
• Kenya's Independence
• Khmer Rouge Seize Phnom Penh
• King Philip's War in New England
• Korean March First Movement
• Korean War
• Kristallnacht
• Kulturkampf — Bismarck's Conflict with the Catholic Church
• Kyoho Famine and the Hyakusho Ikki Peasant Uprisings
• Kyoto Protocol Adopted
• Last Spanish Forces Leave South America
• Lateran Pacts — Vatican City Created
• Latin American Wars of Independence
• Law of the Twelve Tables
• Laws of Burgos — First European Colonial Law Code
• League of Nations Founded
• Lei Áurea — Abolition of Slavery in Brazil
• Leif Eriksson Reaches America
• Lend-Lease Act
• Lenin's Death and the Soviet Succession Struggle
• Leonardo da Vinci at the Milanese Court
• Lewis and Clark Expedition
• Lex Hortensia
• Liberal Revolution of 1820 (Porto)
• Liberation of Auschwitz
• Liberation of Northern Italy — April 25
• Liberation of Paris
• Liberation of Rome
• Libya Renounces WMDs — Gaddafi's Rehabilitation
• Libyan Civil War and NATO Intervention
• Locarno Treaties
• Lockerbie Bombing — Pan Am Flight 103
• Lord Dunmore's Proclamation
• Louis XIV Assumes Personal Rule
• Louisiana Purchase
• Maastricht Treaty Signed
• Magellan-Elcano Circumnavigation of the Globe
• Magna Carta — Limits on Royal Power
• Manifest Destiny and the Oregon Trail
• Manila Established and Manila Galleon Trade Begins
• Mantua Raised to Duchy
• March on Washington and the 'I Have a Dream' Speech
• Marco Polo in the Court of Kublai Khan
• Marcomannic Wars: Germanic Tribes Breach the Danube
• Marcos Declares Martial Law in the Philippines
• Marcus Aurelius Writes the Meditations on the Danube Campaign
• Marian Civil War — Marius's Seventh Consulship
• Marius and the Seven Consulships: The Professionalisation of the Roman Army
• Marriage of the Catholic Monarchs
• Marshall Plan Announced
• Massacre of the Mamluks at the Cairo Citadel
• Maududi Founds Jamaat-e-Islami — The South Asian Islamist Vanguard
• Maxwell's Equations — Unification of Electricity, Magnetism, and Light
• Mayflower and Plymouth Colony
• McCarthyism and the Red Scare
• Meiji Restoration
• Mendel's Laws of Inheritance — Founding of Genetics
• Mercenary War
• Mexican Constitution of 1917
• Mexican Independence
• Mexican War of Independence Begins — Grito de Dolores
• Mexican-American War
• Military Reforms of Shah Abbas I
• Miracle of the House of Brandenburg
• Modi's India — Hindu Nationalism in Power
• Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
• Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
• Mongol Conquest of Central Asia
• Mongol Conquest of China
• Mongol Invasion of Europe
• Mongol Sack of Baghdad
• Monroe Doctrine
• Montesquieu Publishes De l'esprit des lois
• Moroccan Conquest of Songhai (Battle of Tondibi)
• Mozambican War of Independence
• Mubarak Assumes Power after Sadat's Assassination
• Mughal–Maratha Wars — The War That Broke the Mughal Empire
• Muhammad Ali Seizes Power in Egypt
• Muhammad Receives the First Revelation
• Mujahideen Insurgency — Operation Cyclone and CIA/Pakistan Backing
• Munich Agreement
• Mussolini's March on Rome
• Myanmar Military Coup
• NATO Founded
• NATO Kosovo Intervention
• Nadir Shah's Invasion and Sack of Delhi
• Napoleon Crowned Emperor
• Napoleon Invades Iberia — Trigger for Colonial Independence
• Napoleon's 18 Brumaire Coup
• Napoleon's Abdication and Exile to Elba
• Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign
• Napoleon's First Abdication
• Narmer Unifies Egypt
• Nasser Executes Sayyid Qutb — Martyrdom that Globalised Jihadism
• National Convention
• Nebuchadnezzar II Conquers Jerusalem
• Necker's Compte Rendu au Roi
• Nelson Mandela Elected President of South Africa
• Netherlands Enters the War
• New Laws — Las Casas and Abolition of the Encomienda
• Newton's Principia Mathematica — Law of Universal Gravitation
• Nicolás Maduro Arrested by US Forces
• Nigeria's Independence
• Nine Years' War (War of the League of Augsburg)
• Nixon's Opening to China
• Norman Conquest of Sicily — The Most Multicultural Kingdom
• North Korea First Nuclear Test
• North Korea Tests ICBM
• Northern Ireland Devolution
• Numa Pompilius Founds Roman Religion
• Nuremberg Laws
• Nuremberg Trials
• OPEC Founded in Baghdad
• Octavian Marches on Rome and Demands the Consulship at 19
• October Revolution
• Oda Nobunaga and the First Unification
• Olympe de Gouges — Declaration of the Rights of Woman
• Operation Barbarossa — Invasion of the USSR
• Operation Compass: Britain Destroys Italian Tenth Army
• Operation Market Garden
• Operation Torch: Allied Landings in French North Africa
• Orange Revolution in Ukraine
• Origen of Alexandria Synthesises Platonism and Christian Theology
• Osama bin Laden Killed
• Oslo Accords Signed
• Ottoman Conquest of the Mamluk Sultanate
• Ottoman Empire Enters the War
• Ottoman Interregnum (1402–1413)
• Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War
• Outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War
• PLO Founded
• Pacem in Terris — John XXIII's Encyclical on Nuclear Disarmament
• Pachacuti Founds the Inca Empire
• Pakal the Great Becomes King of Palenque
• Palatine German Emigration to Pennsylvania
• Paris Climate Agreement
• Paris Peace Accords — Vietnam
• Paris Peace Negotiations
• Paris Terrorist Attacks
• Park Chung-hee's Coup and South Korea's Developmental State
• Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
• Partition of Ireland and Anglo-Irish Treaty
• Pasteur Proves Germ Theory — Founding of Microbiology
• Paul VI's Vatican Ostpolitik — Opening to Communist States
• Pax Romana Begins
• Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle — End of the War of Austrian Succession
• Peace of Lodi and the Italic League
• Peace of Nystad — Russia Proclaimed an Empire
• Peace of Westphalia
• Peak of Atlantic Slave Trade
• Pedro Álvares Cabral Reaches Brazil
• Peninsular War Begins
• People Power Revolution: Marcos Falls in the Philippines
• Persian Constitutional Revolution
• Peruvian Independence Proclaimed
• Peter the Great's Grand Embassy and Westernisation of Russia
• Philip II and the Rise of Macedon
• Pinochet's Coup Against Allende — Operation Condor Context
• Pirate Republic of Nassau
• Pius XII's Decree Excommunicating Catholics Who Supported Communism
• Plague of Athens
• Plato Founds the Academy
• Polish Independence and the Polish-Soviet War
• Polish January Uprising
• Pompey Appointed Sole Consul: The Republic at Breaking Point
• Pompey Reorganises the East — The Settlement of 63 BCE
• Pontiac's War
• Pope Alexander VI Issues Inter caetera Bull
• Pope Benedict XVI Elected
• Pope Francis Elected
• Popular Front and the Matignon Accords
• Portugal Expels Dutch from Brazil
• Portuguese Capture of Ceuta
• Portuguese Conquest of Malacca
• Portuguese Drug Decriminalisation
• Portuguese Republican Revolution
• Portuguese Royal Court Flees to Brazil
• Post-War Displaced Persons — Europe's Refugees and the DP Camps
• Potsdam Conference
• Pragmatic Sanction — Habsburg Succession Law
• Prague Spring and Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia
• Proclamation of the Brazilian Republic
• Proclamation of the German Empire at Versailles
• Proclamation of the Turkish Republic
• Protestant Reformation — Luther's 95 Theses
• Ptolemy I Founds the Ptolemaic Kingdom
• Publication of the Encyclopédie (1751–1772)
• Publication of the Federalist Papers
• Pueblo Revolt — Indigenous Uprising in New Mexico
• Pugachev Rebellion
• Pushyamitra Shunga's Coup
• Putin Rises to Power in Russia
• Pérez Jiménez Takes Power in Venezuela
• Qing Conquest of Xinjiang — Destruction of the Dzungar Khanate
• Quartering Act
• Race to the Sea and Trench Warfare Begins
• Rape of Nanking
• Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars)
• Regency of Philippe d'Orléans
• Reichstag Fire
• Reign of Caligula
• Reign of Nero: Fire, Persecution, and Civil War
• Reign of Terror
• Reign of Terror
• Reign of Tutankhamun
• Remilitarisation of the Rhineland
• Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
• Revolutions of 1830
• Revolutions of 1848
• Revolutions of 1989: Eastern Europe's Annus Mirabilis
• Rhine Crossing of 406: The Frontier Collapses
• Rhine-Danube Limes: Rome's Permanent Germanic Frontier
• Rise of Chichén Itzá
• Rise of Peron and Argentine Military Politics
• Rise of the Fatimid Caliphate
• Rise of the Medieval University
• Rise of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
• Robert Walpole — First Prime Minister
• Rollo Gets Normandy — Vikings Become Normans
• Romanian Revolution and Execution of Ceausescu
• Roosevelt's New Deal
• Rousseau Publishes Du Contrat Social
• Royal African Company Monopoly Granted
• Royal Proclamation of 1763
• Russia Annexes Crimea
• Russia Full-Scale Invasion of Ukraine
• Russia-Georgia War
• Russian Civil War
• Russian Occupation of Berlin
• Rwandan Genocide
• SALT I and the Era of Détente
• Sack of Rome by the Gauls
• Sack of Rome by the Visigoths
• Sakoku -- Japan's Isolation Policy
• Saladin Takes Jerusalem
• Sand Creek Massacre
• Sandinista Revolution and the Contra War in Nicaragua
• Sargon II Destroys Samaria and the Kingdom of Israel
• Sargon of Akkad Founds the First Empire
• Sayyid Qutb Publishes Milestones — The Manifesto of Jihadist Islamism
• Scipio Africanus Conquers Roman Spain
• Scipio Africanus Invades Africa
• Scipio Forces the Senate's Hand: The Africa Strategy
• Scots-Irish Emigration to the American Backcountry
• Scottish Reformation
• Second Balkan War
• Second Battle of Ypres and First Poison Gas Attack
• Second Continental Congress
• Second Mithridatic War — Inconclusive Clash
• Second Opium War
• Second Schleswig War
• Second Triumvirate
• Secret Removal of Jupiter Missiles from Turkey — Cuban Missile Crisis Resolution
• Seleucus I Founds the Seleucid Empire
• Semana Trágica
• Seneca as Nero's Tutor — Stoicism at the Imperial Court
• Sennacherib Destroys Babylon
• September 11 Terrorist Attacks
• September Massacres
• Septimius Severus: First African Emperor
• Servius Tullius: Census, Constitution, and the Servian Wall
• Seven Years' War — Global Colonial Dimensions
• Sherman's March to the Sea
• Siamese Revolution of 1932
• Siege and Fall of Pondicherry
• Siege of Acre
• Siege of Alesia — Caesar's Greatest Engineering Triumph
• Siege of La Rochelle
• Siege of Leningrad
• Siege of Louisbourg (1758)
• Siege of Paris
• Siege of Tenochtitlán — Destruction of the Aztec Capital
• Siege of Tsingtao
• Siege of Tyre
• Siege of Vienna
• Siege of Yorktown
• Simon de Montfort's Parliament
• Sinking of the Lusitania
• Sinyu Catholic Persecution
• Six-Day War
• Snowden Disclosures — NSA Mass Surveillance Revealed
• Solidarity Movement in Poland
• Solon's Reforms in Athens
• Somerset Case — Slavery and English Law
• Song Dynasty Innovations
• Songhai Breaks Free of Mali
• South Sea Bubble — Colonial Speculation and Financial Crisis
• South Sudan Independence
• Southern Campaign
• Soviet Collectivisation and the Holodomor
• Soviet Military Invasion of Afghanistan — December 1979
• Soviet Union Tests First Atomic Bomb
• Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan
• Soweto Uprising
• Spain Declares War on Britain
• Spanish Civil War
• Spanish Conquest of Yucatán
• Spanish Flu Pandemic
• Spanish Missions in California Begin
• Spartacus Slave Revolt
• Sputnik: The Space Race Begins
• Srebrenica Massacre
• Stamp Act Crisis
• Stilicho Defends the Western Empire
• Storming of the Bastille
• Storming of the Tuileries Palace
• Stroessner's Coup: Paraguay's 35-Year Dictatorship Begins
• Suez Crisis
• Sulla Sacks Athens — Chaeronea and Orchomenus
• Sulla's Civil War and Dictatorship
• Sulla's Proscriptions: The First Systematic Political Murder in Rome
• Suppression of the Knights Templar
• Surrender at Appomattox
• Surrender of Ulm
• Syrian Civil War Begins
• Tacitus Writes Germania - First Ethnography of the Germans
• Tacitus Writes the Histories and Annals Under Trajan
• Taiping Rebellion
• Taliban Retakes Afghanistan
• Tamerlane Sacks Aleppo and Damascus
• Tamerlane — The Last Great Conqueror
• Tang Dynasty Golden Age
• Tarquin the Proud, the Rape of Lucretia, and the Fall of the Kings
• Tarquinius Priscus and Etruscan Influence on Rome
• Tasman Discovers Tasmania and New Zealand
• Tasman Encounters the Māori at Golden Bay
• Tecumseh's Pan-Indian Confederacy
• Tennis Court Oath
• Tet Offensive
• Teutoburg Forest — Rome's Most Catastrophic Defeat
• Thai Student Uprising of 1973
• The AI Revolution — Large Language Models Transform Computing
• The Achaemenid Royal Road - Infrastructure of Empire
• The Age of Pericles and the Parthenon
• The Arab Conquests — From Arabia to Spain in a Century
• The Arab Golden Age and House of Wisdom
• The Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War
• The Ausgleich (Austro-Hungarian Compromise)
• The Avignon Papacy — Babylonian Captivity of the Church
• The Bangladesh Liberation War
• The Black Death
• The Buyids Seize Baghdad
• The Catilinarian Conspiracy
• The Cimbrian War: Germanic Tribes Threaten Rome
• The Classic Maya Collapse
• The Classic Maya Florescence
• The Colombian Armed Conflict
• The Congo Crisis
• The Council of Constance Ends the Western Schism
• The Cuban Revolution — Fall of Batista and Rise of Castro
• The Cyrus Cylinder - Ancient Charter of Human Rights?
• The Devotio of Decius Mus: Roman Sacrifice as Military Theology
• The Diamond Necklace Affair
• The Diplomatic Revolution
• The Directory
• The Domesday Book — England's Great Survey
• The Duchy of Warsaw
• The Ems Dispatch
• The End of Apartheid
• The Ethiopian Revolution and the Derg
• The Fall and Burning of Persepolis
• The Fall of Toledo and the Transmission of Knowledge
• The First Crusade
• The Flower Wars Begin
• The Fronde
• The Genpei War
• The Glorious Revolution
• The Great Depression
• The Great Famine (Ireland)
• The Great Greek Colonisation (750–550 BCE)
• The Great Market of Tlatelolco
• The Great Purge and Moscow Show Trials
• The Great Schism
• The Guatemalan Civil War
• The Hanseatic League
• The Heian Period
• The Hijra — Muhammad Establishes Islam as a Political Force
• The Holocaust
• The Hundred Days
• The Hundred Years War
• The Huns Arrive: Gothic World Shattered
• The Inca Civil War: Huáscar vs. Atahualpa
• The Ionian Revolt
• The Iran-Iraq War
• The Iranian Revolution — Khomeini's Islamic Republic
• The Irish Penal Laws
• The Iroquois Confederacy Fractures
• The Jacobite Rising of 1715 — The Fifteen
• The Jacobite Rising of 1745 and Battle of Culloden
• The Kamakura Shogunate
• The Khmelnytsky Uprising
• The Levée en masse
• The Library of Alexandria
• The Lycurgan Constitution of Sparta
• The Manhattan Project
• The March of the Ten Thousand (Anabasis)
• The Martyrs of Córdoba
• The Mexican Revolution
• The Middle Passage -- Horror of the Slave Trade
• The Mongol Invasions of Japan
• The Moors Enter Spain — Umayyad Conquest of Hispania
• The Nasrid Dynastic Civil Wars
• The Norman Conquest of England
• The November Uprising and the Great Emigration
• The Numantine War — Scipio Aemilianus and the Last Spanish Holdout
• The Petrodollar Globalisation of Wahhabism
• The Polish Round Table and the Fall of Communism
• The Praetorian Guard Auctions the Empire — Crisis of 193 CE
• The Pyrrhic War: Rome's First Encounter with Hellenistic Power
• The Qhapaq Ñan: Inca Royal Road System
• The Revolt of Lepidus
• The Rise of the Ottoman Empire
• The Roman Conquest of Britain — Claudius's Invasion
• The Russo-Japanese War
• The Second Punic War (218–201 BCE)
• The Second and Third Partitions of Poland
• The Sertorian War in Spain
• The Shining Path Insurgency
• The Sicilian Expedition
• The Social War
• The South Sea Bubble
• The Sri Lankan Civil War
• The Thatcher Era (1979–1990)
• The Third Crusade
• The Thirty Tyrants of Athens
• The Three Samnite Wars: Conquest of Central Italy
• The Tikal–Calakmul Rivalry and Star Wars
• The Time of Troubles
• The Tokugawa Shogunate
• The Troubles Begin
• The US Invasion of Panama
• The Union of Lublin
• The Wahhabi-Saudi Alliance — Birth of Modern Salafism
• The White Terror (1794–1795)
• The Zimmermann Telegram
• The Ōnin War and the Sengoku Period
• Theodoric Founds the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy
• Theodosius I: Last United Emperor and Christian Rome
• Thermidorian Reaction
• Third Dynasty of Ur - Height of Sumerian Civilization
• Third Mithridatic War — Lucullus and Pompey vs Mithridates
• Thirteenth Amendment — Abolition of Slavery in the United States
• Thirty Years' War Begins — Defenestration of Prague
• Thousand Days' War
• Tiananmen Square Massacre
• Tigray War — Ethiopia's Civil Conflict
• Townshend Acts
• Trail of Tears — Cherokee Removal
• Trajan's Dacian Wars
• Trajan's Parthian War — Rome's Greatest Eastern Conquest
• Transcontinental Railroad Completed
• Treaties of Basel (1795)
• Treaties of Tilsit
• Treaty of 382: Visigoths Settle as Foederati
• Treaty of Alliance — France Enters the War
• Treaty of Amiens
• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
• Treaty of Campo Formio
• Treaty of Frankfurt
• Treaty of Ganghwa
• Treaty of Hubertusburg
• Treaty of Kadesh
• Treaty of Paris
• Treaty of Paris (1763)
• Treaty of Paris — Britain Gains Canada and Florida
• Treaty of Tordesillas
• Treaty of Trianon
• Treaty of Utrecht
• Treaty of Verdun — Birth of France and Germany
• Treaty of Versailles
• Trial and Execution of Socrates
• Triple Alliance — Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
• Truman Doctrine
• Tuareg Seize Timbuktu from Mali
• Tullus Hostilius Destroys Alba Longa
• Turgot's Six Edicts and Reform Programme
• Túpac Amaru II Rebellion in Peru
• U.S. National Origins Act 1924 — Closing the Door on Mass Immigration
• UK General Strike of 1926
• US Bombing of Tripoli — Operation El Dorado Canyon
• US Civil Rights Act
• US Invasion of Grenada — Operation Urgent Fury
• US Military Intervention in the Dominican Republic
• US Reconstruction Era
• Ugandan Independence
• Ulfilas Translates the Bible into Gothic - First Germanic Literature
• Union of Iberian Crowns — Philip II Annexes Portugal
• Union of South Africa and the Natives Land Act
• United Farm Workers Founded
• United States Bans Slave Imports
• United States Enters the War
• Valladolid Debate — Las Casas vs. Sepúlveda
• Vandal Kingdom Established in North Africa
• Vandals Cross to Africa - Rome's Grain Supply Cut
• Vargas Revolution
• Vasco da Gama Reaches Calicut
• Vendée Uprising
• Venezuela Humanitarian Crisis
• Venezuela, New Granada, and Paraguay Declare Independence
• Venice and the Rise of Italian City-States
• Vesalius Publishes De Humani Corporis Fabrica — Modern Anatomy
• Vespasian Restores Order and Builds the Colosseum
• Vesuvius Buries Pompeii — Pliny the Elder Dies, Pliny the Younger Witnesses
• Victory in Europe — V-E Day
• Victory over Japan — V-J Day
• Vidovdan Constitution and the Serb-Croat Rift
• Vietnam War Escalation: US Combat Troops Deploy
• Vietnamese Invasion of Cambodia: Fall of the Khmer Rouge
• Vijayanagara Empire Founded
• Viking Raids Begin — Lindisfarne 793
• Viriathus — The Shepherd King of Lusitania
• Vladimir I Converts Russia to Orthodox Christianity
• WTO Founded — Globalisation Institutionalised
• Wall Street Crash
• Wannsee Conference — Planning the Holocaust
• War of Jenkins' Ear
• War of the Austrian Succession
• War of the First Coalition
• War of the Second Coalition
• War of the Spanish Succession
• Wars of the Diadochi — The Successor Wars Begin
• Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
• Warsaw Pact Founded
• Warsaw Uprising
• Watson and Crick Discover the Double Helix — Structure of DNA
• Watt's Steam Engine
• Weimar Republic Established
• Whydah Gally Sinks off Cape Cod
• Willem Janszoon Reaches Australia
• Winter at Valley Forge
• Women's March on Versailles
• Woodes Rogers Ends the Pirate Republic
• World Wide Web Goes Public — Birth of the Digital Age
• Wounded Knee Massacre — End of the Indian Wars
• Wycliffe, Hus and the Pre-Reformation
• Xi Jinping Consolidates Power
• Yalta Conference
• Year of Five Emperors
• Year of the Four Emperors — Vitellius and the Crisis of 69 CE
• Yemen Civil War and Saudi-led Intervention
• Yom Kippur War and Oil Crisis
• Zapatista Uprising in Chiapas
• Zarathustra and the Founding of Zoroastrianism
• Zeno of Citium Founds Stoicism at the Stoa Poikile
• Zenobia's Palmyrene Empire — Queen of the East
• Zheng He's Maritime Voyages
• Zola's 'J'Accuse…!' and the Dreyfus Affair