The Roman Conquest of Britain — Claudius's Invasion
The decision to invade Britain after a century of neglect was driven by several considerations: Claudius needed a military triumph to secure his authority; the Catuvellaunian king Cunobelinus had died, creating political instability; and British tribes were harbouring refugees Rome wanted returned. Aulus Plautius landed in Kent with four legions — II Augusta, IX Hispana, XIV Gemina, and XX — perhaps 40,000 men including auxiliaries. The British under Togodumnus and Caratacus offered resistance at the Medway and at the Thames crossing, but Roman discipline prevailed. At this point Claudius himself arrived, having waited on the Continent. He was present for just sixteen days — long enough to take nominal command for the entry into Camulodunum (Colchester), where British kings and chieftains came to submit. He also brought war elephants — the first seen in Britain. The propaganda value was enormous. Caratacus, son of Cunobelinus, escaped westward and continued resistance for eight more years in Wales. He was eventually betrayed to Rome by the Brigantian queen Cartimandua. Brought to Rome in chains, he reportedly made such a dignified speech before Claudius that the emperor freed him.
- Year: 43 CE
- Category: Military
