India-Pakistan Nuclear Tests
In May 1998, India conducted five nuclear tests (Operation Shakti), prompting Pakistan to respond with six tests two weeks later. Both countries openly declared themselves nuclear weapon states, escalating their rivalry to existential stakes. The international community imposed sanctions (later lifted). The tests intensified the security dilemma in South Asia — a region with unresolved territorial disputes (Kashmir), history of four wars, and no reliable crisis communication mechanisms.
- Year: 1998 CE
- Category: Military
